A network pharmacology-based strategy for predicting the protective mechanism of Ginkgo biloba on damaged retinal ganglion cells / 中国天然药物

Hallmarks of the pathophysiology of glaucoma are oxidative stress and apoptotic death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) with multi-target, multi-pathway functions has been reported to exert positive pharmacological effects on oxidative stress and damaged RGCs. However, the ingredients and anti-apoptotic targets of EGb in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in-depth analysis is necessary for further research. Ginkgo biloba-related and anti-apoptotic targets were identified and then combined to obtain the intersection, representing the potential anti-apoptotic targets of Ginkgo biloba. In addition, compound-anti-apoptotic target and OAG-target protein-protein interaction network were merged to obtain five core genes and compound-OAG-anti-apoptotic target protein-protein interaction network. Consequently, the active compounds and anti-apoptotic targets of Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of OAG were identified, namely luteolin, β-sitosterol, kaempferol, stigmasterol, quercetin, and p53, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, respectively. For the anti-apoptotic targets of Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of OAG, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analysis were executed to confirm the gene functions of Ginkgo biloba in antagonizing apoptosis of RGCs. The pathway enrichment was mainly involved in transcriptional activation of p53 responsive genes, activation of caspases and apoptotic processes. Finally, we confirmed the results of the network analysis by H2O2 treated RGC-5 cells in vitro. The results demonstrated that EGb protection can effectively diminish H2O2-induced apoptosis by inhibiting p53 acetylation, reducing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and suppressing the expression of specific cleavage of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3.

Effect of moxibustion at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on delivery stage and postpartum bleeding of primipara / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of moxibustion at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on delivery stage of primipara.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases of primipara were divided into a moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group, a non-acupoint group and a blank group. When the diameter of wormb mouth opened to 2-3 cm, showing that it entered into active stage of uterine contraction, moxibustion at Sanyinjiao (SP 6) for primipara was applied in moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group; moxibustion was applied at 1 cun towards radialis from the region where 2 cun above Kongzui (LU 6) in non-acupoint group, 30 minutes treatment was for both groups. There was no intervention in blank group. After delivery, the time of first,second and third delivery stages and postpartum bleeding 2 hours after delivery were compared among three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The active duration of first delivery stage in moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group was significantly shorter than that in the other two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the duration of the second delivery stage in moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group was significantly shorter than that in the other two groups (both P < 0.05) as well; the postpartum bleeding 2 hours after delivery in moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group was less than other two groups and the difference was statistic significant between moxibustion at Sanyinjiao group and blank group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>By moxibustion at Sanyinjiao (SP 6), the active duration of first delivery stage and the duration of second delivery stage are markedly shortened, postpartum bleeding 2 hours after delivery is obviously reduced, and the safety of vaginal delivery is increased.</p>

Effect of acupoint Sanyinjiao (SP6) moxibustion on the first stage of labor and uterine contractive pain in primiparae / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of acupoint Sanyinjiao (SP6) moxibustion (S-Mox) on the duration of the first labor stage and uterine contractive pain in primiparae.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty primipara women in labor were equally assigned according to their choice to three groups: women in the S-Mox group received bilateral S-Mox for 30 min, women in the non-acupoint group received moxibustion (Mox) applied on non-acupoints for 30 min, and those in the control group did not receive Mox intervention. The duration of the first labor stage was recorded and the degree of labor pain was estimated by a visual analogue scale (VAS) before and after Mox.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The duration of the first stage active phase in the S-Mox group was significantly shorter than that in the other two groups (P<0.05, P<0.01); the VAS score after Mox was lower in the S-Mox group, showing a statistical difference in comparison with the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Applying S-Mox could markedly shorten the active phase of the first stage of labor and lower the VAS score of uterine contractive pain, which means alleviating the pain caused by vaginal delivery. Its mechanism is worthy of further study.</p>

Novel synthetic method and analgesic activity of tepoxalin / 药学学报

Tepoxalin is a potent inhibitor of both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways of the arachidonic acid cascade, as well as a potent anti-inflammatory and control-pain (postoperation, arthritis et. al.) agent. The new method about the use of novel synthesis reagents and the first using ionic liquid as reactive solvent to synthesize tepoxalin were presented in this paper. The ionic liquid can be easily recycled and reused for several runs efficiently. The analgesic activity of tepoxalin was detected by acetic acid test on mice. The analysis of variance showed that oral administration of tepoxalin could significantly inhibit the number of writhing response within 1 hour and prolong the latent time in a dose dependent manner as compared with CMC control group (P < 0.05). At the same time, tepoxalin had the same analgesic activity as diclofenac sodium.

Risk factors analysis in hospital-acquired pneumonia caused by nonfermentative bacteria / 中国感染与化疗杂志

Objective To analyze the risk factors of hospital acquired pneumonia (HAP) caused by nonfermentative bacteria in ICU.Methods Using binary logistic regression analysis,we reviewed the related risk factors of hospital acquired pneumonia caused by nonfermentative bacteria from January,2002 to May,2006 in ICU of our hospital.Results Univariate regression ana- lysis identified 22 variables associated with HAP,including age,diabetes mellitus,malignant tumor,chronic obstructive pul- monary disease (COPD),smoking,Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score,Acute Physiology and Chronic Healthy EvaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ) score.Multivariate regression analysis confirmed 6 high risk factors:aspiration,COPD,use of antacids,seda- tive agents,mechanical ventilation and tracheal intubation or tracheostomy.Conclusions Aspiration,COPD,use of antacids, sedative agents,mechanical ventilation,tracheal intubation or tracheostomy are high risk factors associated with HAP.